Micron Document
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html class="client-nojs vector-feature-language-in-header-enabled vector-feature-language-in-main-page-header-disabled vector-feature-page-tools-pinned-disabled vector-feature-toc-pinned-clientpref-0 vector-toc-not-available vector-feature-main-menu-pinned-disabled vector-feature-limited-width-clientpref-1 vector-feature-limited-width-content-enabled vector-feature-custom-font-size-clientpref-1 vector-feature-appearance-pinned-clientpref-0 skin-theme-clientpref-day vector-sticky-header-enabled" lang="de" dir="ltr"><head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Messier 99</title>
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<link rel="icon" type="image/png" href="./_res_/favicon.png">
<link rel="canonical" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Messier_99"> <link href="./_mw_/ext.cite.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.imagemap.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.wikimediamessages.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/mediawiki.page.gallery.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.icons.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.search.codex.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/skins.vector.styles.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<meta name="ResourceLoaderDynamicStyles" content="">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.citeRef.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.defaultPlainlinks.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonHide.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonLayout.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiCommonStyle.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiDarkmode.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.dewikiResponsive.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="./_mw_/ext.gadget.specialSearch.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_mw_/site.styles.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_mw_/noscript.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_res_/footer.css">
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="./_res_/vector-2022.css">
</head>
<body class="skin--responsive skin-vector skin-vector-search-vue mediawiki ltr sitedir-ltr mw-hide-empty-elt ns-0 ns-subject page-Messier_99 rootpage-Messier_99 skin-vector-2022 action-view">
<div class="mw-page-container">
<div class="mw-page-container-inner">
<div class="mw-content-container">
<main id="content" class="mw-body">
<header class="mw-body-header vector-page-titlebar">
<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><span class="mw-page-title-main">Messier 99</span></h1>
</header>
<a id="top"></a>
<div id="bodyContent" class="vector-body ve-init-mw-desktopArticleTarget-targetContainer" aria-labelledby="firstHeading" data-mw-ve-target-container="">
<div id="contentSub">
<div id="mw-content-subtitle"></div>
</div>
<div id="mw-content-text" class="mw-body-content mw-content-ltr" lang="de" dir="ltr"><div class="mw-content-ltr mw-parser-output" lang="de" dir="ltr"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r253358768">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .ibtable{width:33%;min-width:250px;max-width:400px;line-height:130%;margin:0em 0em 1em 1em;background-color:#ffffff}.mw-parser-output .ibtitle{background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#202122;text-align:center;font-size:120%;line-height:140%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ibheader{background-color:#DCDCDC;color:#202122;text-align:center;font-size:110%;line-height:140%;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output .ibimage{background-color:#000000;color:#ffffff;border-bottom-width:0;text-align:center;padding:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .ibimgtxt{background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;border-top-width:0;text-align:center}.mw-parser-output .ibmap{background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;text-align:center;border-bottom-width:0}.mw-parser-output .ibmaptxt{background-color:#ffffff;color:#000000;text-align:center;border-top-width:0}.mw-parser-output .ibleft{background-color:#eeeeee;color:#000000;min-width:10em;line-height:140%}.mw-parser-output .ibnowrap{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .ibsource{font-size:85%;line-height:150%}


/* end https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><div id="coordinates" class="coordinates"><a class="external text" href="https://geohack.toolforge.org/skyhack.php?ra=12.313777777778&amp;de=14.416388888889&amp;size=0.175&amp;name=Messier+99&amp;object=Messier%2099&amp;viz1=MCG%252B03-31-99&amp;viz2=PGC%252B39578&amp;viz3=UGC%252B7345&amp;viz5=IRAS%252B12162%252B1441&amp;_globe:=">Datenbanklinks zu Messier 99</a></div>
<table class="infobox wikitable float-right ibtable" aria-label="Kenndaten der Galaxie">

<tbody><tr>
<th colspan="2" class="ibheader">Galaxie<br><span style="font-size:111%;">Messier 99</span>
</th></tr>
<tr style="display:none;">
<td colspan="2" class="hintergrundfarbe-basis" style="text-align:left; border-bottom:0; white-space:normal;">
</td></tr>
<tr style="display:none;">
<td colspan="2" class="ibheader" style="border-top:0; white-space:normal;">{{{Kartentext}}}
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="ibimage"><span typeof="mw:File"></span>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="ibimgtxt">aufgenommen mithilfe des <a href="Very_Large_Telescope" class="mw-redirect" title="Very Large Telescope">Very Large Telescope</a>
</td></tr>
<tr style="display:none;">
<td colspan="2" class="ibheader" style="text-align:center; border-bottom:0; white-space:normal;">
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="ibheader"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://aladin.cds.unistra.fr/AladinLite/?target=12%2018%2049.6%20%2B14%2024%2059&amp;fov=0.175&amp;survey=CDS%2FP%2FDSS2%2Fcolor">AladinLite</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Sternbild" title="Sternbild">Sternbild</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Haar_der_Berenike" title="Haar der Berenike">Haar der Berenike</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" class="ibheader"><b>Position</b><br><small><a href="%C3%84quinoktium" title="Äquinoktium">Äquinoktium</a>:&nbsp;<a href="J2000.0" class="mw-redirect" title="J2000.0">J2000.0</a>, <a href="Epoche_(Astronomie)" title="Epoche (Astronomie)">Epoche</a>:&nbsp;J2000.0</small>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Rektaszension" title="Rektaszension">Rektaszension</a>
</td>
<td>12h&nbsp;18m&nbsp;49,6s <sup id="cite_ref-NED_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Deklination_(Astronomie)" title="Deklination (Astronomie)">Deklination</a>
</td>
<td>+14°&nbsp;24′&nbsp;59″ <sup id="cite_ref-NED_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" class="ibheader">Erscheinungsbild
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Hubble-Sequenz" title="Hubble-Sequenz">Morphologischer Typ</a>
</td>
<td>SA(s)c;LINER HII<sup id="cite_ref-NED_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Scheinbare_Helligkeit" title="Scheinbare Helligkeit">Helligkeit</a>&nbsp;<small>(visuell)</small>
</td>
<td>9,7&nbsp;mag<sup id="cite_ref-SEDS_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Scheinbare_Helligkeit" title="Scheinbare Helligkeit">Helligkeit</a>&nbsp;<small>(B-Band)</small>
</td>
<td>10,4&nbsp;mag<sup id="cite_ref-SEDS_2-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Scheinbare_Gr%C3%B6%C3%9Fe" title="Scheinbare Größe">Winkel­ausdehnung</a>
</td>
<td>5,3′ × 4,6′<sup id="cite_ref-SEDS_2-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Positionswinkel" title="Positionswinkel">Positionswinkel</a>
</td>
<td>51°<sup id="cite_ref-SEDS_2-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr style="display:none;">
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Bahnneigung" title="Bahnneigung">Inklination</a>
</td>
<td>°
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Fl%C3%A4chenhelligkeit" title="Flächenhelligkeit">Flächen­helligkeit</a>
</td>
<td>13,0&nbsp;mag/arcmin²<sup id="cite_ref-SEDS_2-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-SEDS-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" class="ibheader">Physikalische Daten
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Galaxienhaufen" title="Galaxienhaufen">Zugehörigkeit</a>
</td>
<td><a href="Virgo-Galaxienhaufen" title="Virgo-Galaxienhaufen">Virgo-Galaxienhaufen</a>, <a href="Lyons_Groups_of_Galaxies" title="Lyons Groups of Galaxies">LGG</a> 285<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Rotverschiebung" title="Rotverschiebung">Rotverschiebung</a>
</td>
<td>0.008029 ± 0.000010<sup id="cite_ref-NED_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Radialgeschwindigkeit" title="Radialgeschwindigkeit">Radial­geschwin­digkeit</a>
</td>
<td>+2407 ± 3 km/s<sup id="cite_ref-NED_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>

<tr>
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Hubble-Konstante" title="Hubble-Konstante">Hubbledistanz</a><br><i>H<sub>0</sub> = 73 km/(s • Mpc)</i>
</td>
<td nowrap=""><span style="font-size:90%"><span style="white-space:nowrap"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r198372224">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-1000::after{content:"."}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-minus>span,.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-dec>span{position:absolute;left:-10000px;top:auto;width:1px;height:1px;overflow:hidden}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-minus::after{content:"−"}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-dec::after{content:","}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-fractpart{margin-right:0.2em}


/* end https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r252749370">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-multiply{background-position:center;background-repeat:no-repeat;border-radius:0.2em;color:transparent!important;display:inline-block;line-height:0.2em;margin-left:0.3em;margin-right:0.15em;width:0.2em}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-10::before{content:"10"}.mw-parser-output .numericFormat-10 sup{margin-left:0.12em}


/* end https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
</style>(105 ± 8)<span class="numericFormat-multiply" style="background-color:var(--color-base, #202122)">e</span><span class="numericFormat-10"><sup>6</sup></span></span>&nbsp;<a href="Lichtjahr" title="Lichtjahr">Lj</a></span><br><span style="font-size:90%">(32,3 ± 2,3)&nbsp;<a href="Parsec" title="Parsec">Mpc</a>&nbsp;<sup id="cite_ref-NED_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-NED-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></span>
</td></tr>





<tr style="display:none;">
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Absolute_Helligkeit" title="Absolute Helligkeit">Absolute Helligkeit</a>
</td>
<td>mag
</td></tr>
<tr style="display:none;">
<td class="ibleft">Masse
</td>
<td><a href="Sonnenmasse" title="Sonnenmasse">M<sub>☉</sub></a>
</td></tr>
<tr style="display:none;">
<td class="ibleft">Durchmesser
</td>
<td>Lj
</td></tr>
<tr style="display:none;">
<td class="ibleft"><a href="Metallizit%C3%A4t" title="Metallizität">Metallizität</a> [Fe/H]
</td>
<td>{{{Metallizität}}}
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" style="background:#DCDCDC; color:#202122;"><a href="Liste_der_Entdecker_des_NGC/IC-Katalogs" class="mw-redirect" title="Liste der Entdecker des NGC/IC-Katalogs">Geschichte</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft">Entdeckung
</td>
<td style="white-space:normal;"><a href="Pierre_M%C3%A9chain" title="Pierre Méchain">Pierre Méchain</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td class="ibleft">Entdeckungsdatum
</td>
<td>15. März 1781<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th colspan="2" class="ibheader"><a href="Liste_astronomischer_Kataloge" title="Liste astronomischer Kataloge">Katalogbezeichnungen</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td colspan="2" style="white-space:normal;"><a href="Messier-Katalog" title="Messier-Katalog">M</a>&nbsp;99&nbsp;• <a href="New_General_Catalogue" title="New General Catalogue">NGC</a>&nbsp;4254&nbsp;• <a href="Uppsala_General_Catalogue" title="Uppsala General Catalogue">UGC</a>&nbsp;7345&nbsp;• <a href="Principal_Galaxies_Catalogue" title="Principal Galaxies Catalogue">PGC</a>&nbsp;39578&nbsp;• <a href="Catalogue_of_Galaxies_and_of_Clusters_of_Galaxies" title="Catalogue of Galaxies and of Clusters of Galaxies">CGCG</a>&nbsp;099-011 / 098-144&nbsp;• <a href="Morphological_Catalogue_of_Galaxies" title="Morphological Catalogue of Galaxies">MCG</a>&nbsp;+03-31-99&nbsp;• <a href="Infrared_Astronomical_Satellite" title="Infrared Astronomical Satellite">IRAS</a>&nbsp;12162+1441&nbsp;• <a href="Two_Micron_All_Sky_Survey" title="Two Micron All Sky Survey">2MASX</a>&nbsp;J12184962+1424593&nbsp;• <a href="Liste_astronomischer_Kataloge" title="Liste astronomischer Kataloge">VCC</a>&nbsp;307&nbsp;• <a href="General_Catalogue_of_Nebulae_and_Clusters" title="General Catalogue of Nebulae and Clusters">GC</a>&nbsp;2838&nbsp;• <a href="Liste_astronomischer_Kataloge" title="Liste astronomischer Kataloge">h</a>&nbsp;1173&nbsp;• <a href="HI_Parkes_All_Sky_Survey" title="HI Parkes All Sky Survey">HIPASS</a>&nbsp;J1218+14
</td></tr>

</tbody></table>
<p><b>Messier 99</b> (auch als NGC 4254 bezeichnet) ist eine +9,7&nbsp;<a href="Scheinbare_Helligkeit" title="Scheinbare Helligkeit">mag</a> helle <a href="Spiralgalaxie" title="Spiralgalaxie">Spiralgalaxie</a> mit einer Flächenausdehnung von 5,3'&nbsp;×&nbsp;4,6' im <a href="Sternbild" title="Sternbild">Sternbild</a> <a href="Haar_der_Berenike" title="Haar der Berenike">Haar der Berenike</a>.
</p><p>M99 wurde am 15. März 1781 zusammen mit den benachbarten Spiralgalaxien <a href="Messier_98" title="Messier 98">M98</a> und <a href="Messier_100" title="Messier 100">M100</a> von <a href="Pierre_M%C3%A9chain" title="Pierre Méchain">Pierre Méchain</a> entdeckt. Sie war nach der <i>Whirlpool-Galaxie</i> <a href="Messier_51" class="mw-redirect" title="Messier 51">M51</a> die zweite Galaxie, deren Spiralstruktur entdeckt wurde, und zwar von <a href="William_Parsons%2C_3._Earl_of_Rosse" title="William Parsons, 3. Earl of Rosse">Lord Rosse</a> im Jahr <a href="1846" title="1846">1846</a>. Er kommentierte seine Entdeckung mit den Zeilen:<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="Vorlage_Zitat" style="margin:1em 40px;">
<div style="margin:1em 0;"><blockquote style="margin:0;">
<p>„Spirale mit einem hellen Stern darüber; ein dünner Teil des Nebels reicht über diesen Stern hinaus. Die Hauptspirale liegt unten und ist rechtsdrehend.“
</p>
</blockquote>
</div></div>
<p>M99 ist eine Galaxie vom <a href="Hubble-Sequenz" title="Hubble-Sequenz">Hubble-Typ</a> Sc, die wir beinahe frontal sehen. Eigentümlich an der Gestalt der Galaxie ist jedoch ihr <i>verrutschter</i> Kern, der im Bild deutlich nördlich des Zentrums der Spirale liegt. Die Galaxie liegt am nördlichen Rand des <a href="Virgo-Galaxienhaufen" title="Virgo-Galaxienhaufen">Virgo-Galaxienhaufens</a> in der Nähe der Spiralgalaxie <a href="Messier_98" title="Messier 98">M98</a>. Es gibt Mutmaßungen, dass der <i>verrutschte Kern</i> und die Nähe dieser beiden Galaxien kein Zufall sind, sondern auf einen Vorbeiflug aneinander in der Vergangenheit hindeuten.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Diese Spekulation wird zusätzlich durch die Tatsache genährt, dass beide Galaxien entgegengesetzte und zugleich hohe <a href="Pekuliargeschwindigkeit" title="Pekuliargeschwindigkeit">Pekuliargeschwindigkeiten</a> besitzen.
</p>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Infrarotaufnahmen mithilfe des <a href="James-Webb-Weltraumteleskop" title="James-Webb-Weltraumteleskop">James-Webb-Weltraumteleskops</a></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Zeichnung von <a href="William_Parsons%2C_3._Earl_of_Rosse" title="William Parsons, 3. Earl of Rosse">William Parsons</a>, 1848</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"> Frühe fotografische Aufnahme, <a href="Isaac_Roberts" title="Isaac Roberts">Isaac Roberts</a>, 1896</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext">Hochaufgelöste Aufnahme des <a href="Hubble-Weltraumteleskop" title="Hubble-Weltraumteleskop">Hubble-Weltraumteleskops</a>, 2020</div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"> Panoramaaufnahme mit dem <a href="Mount-Lemmon-Observatorium#Instrumentierung" title="Mount-Lemmon-Observatorium">81-cm-Spiegelteleskop des Mount-Lemmon-Observatoriums</a></div>
</li>
</ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="VirgoHI21">VirgoHI21</h2></div>
<p>Untersuchungen eines Teams um Pierre-Alain Duc<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> im Jahr 2007 haben ergeben, dass die Galaxie <a href="Messier_98" title="Messier 98">M98</a> (NGC 4192) nicht nur für die Deformation von M99 verantwortlich zeichnet, sondern auch für die als Prototypen der <a href="Dunkle_Galaxie" title="Dunkle Galaxie">Dunklen Galaxien</a> geführte Struktur VirgoHI21.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Den Untersuchungen zufolge zog <a href="Messier_98" title="Messier 98">M98</a> vor 750 Millionen Jahren mit einer Relativgeschwindigkeit von 1125&nbsp;km/s nahe an M99 vorbei und entriss ihr dabei sehr viel Wasserstoff, der nun die Struktur bildet.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Literatur">Literatur</h2></div>
<ul><li>König, Michael &amp; Binnewies, Stefan (2019): <i>Bildatlas der Galaxien: Die Astrophysik hinter den Astrofotografien</i>, Stuttgart: Kosmos, S. 74</li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Messier_99?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: Messier 99</a></span></b>&nbsp;– Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>
<ul><li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://messier.seds.org/m/m099.html">M99</a> bei SEDS</li>
<li><i>Tidal Debris posing as Dark Galaxies</i>. <a href="ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arxiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0707.3991">0707.3991</a></li>
<li><i>A multi-beam HI survey of the Virgo Cluster – two isolated Hi clouds?</i> <a href="ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arxiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/astro-ph/0312531">astro-ph/0312531</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.raumfahrer.net/news/astronomie/25022005001750.shtml">Erste dunkle Galaxie gefunden?</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.spektrum.de/alias/wunder-des-weltalls/messier-99/1566760">Amateuraufnahmen.</a> <a href="Spektrum.de" title="Spektrum.de">Spektrum.de</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esahubble.org/images/potw1223a/">A bright spark in a nearby spiral galaxy(engl.)</a></li>
<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://esahubble.org/images/potw2218a/">Hubble Sees Double in M99 (engl.)</a></li></ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-NED-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NED_1-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NED_1-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NED_1-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-NED_1-3">d</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/cgi-bin/objsearch?objname=NGC+4254&amp;extend=no&amp;hconst=73&amp;omegam=0.27&amp;omegav=0.73&amp;corr_z=1&amp;out_csys=Equatorial&amp;out_equinox=J2000.0&amp;obj_sort=RA+or+Longitude&amp;of=pre_text&amp;zv_breaker=30000.0&amp;list_limit=5&amp;img_stamp=YES">NASA/IPAC Extragalactic Database</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-SEDS-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">↑ <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SEDS_2-0">a</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SEDS_2-1">b</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SEDS_2-2">c</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SEDS_2-3">d</a></sup> <sup><a href="#cite_ref-SEDS_2-4">e</a></sup></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://spider.seds.org/ngc/revngcic.cgi?NGC%204254">NGC 4254</a> <a href="SEDS" class="mw-redirect" title="SEDS">SEDS</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-3">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://webviz.u-strasbg.fr/viz-bin/VizieR-6?-out.form=%2bH&amp;-source=41000047&amp;-out.all&amp;-corr=PFK=LGG&amp;-out.max=9999&amp;LGG=285">VizieR</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-4">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://cseligman.com/text/atlas/ngc42a.htm#4254">Seligman</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-5"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-5">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">(Übersetzung aus dem Englischen nach <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://messier.seds.org/more/m099_rosse.html">messier.seds.org</a>)</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-6"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-6">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://messier.seds.org/m/m099.html">messier.seds.org</a></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-7"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-7">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a href="ArXiv" title="ArXiv">arxiv</a>:<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://arxiv.org/abs/0707.3991">0707.3991</a> </span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-8"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-8">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><span class="cite">Claudia Michalecz: <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.raumfahrer.net/news/astronomie/25022005001750.shtml"><i>Erste dunkle Galaxie gefunden?</i></a> Raumfahrer Net e.V, 5.&nbsp;Februar 2005,<span class="Abrufdatum"> abgerufen am 9.&nbsp;September 2019</span>.</span><span style="display: none;" class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&amp;rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Adc&amp;rfr_id=info%3Asid%2Fde.wikipedia.org%3AMessier+99&amp;rft.title=Erste+dunkle+Galaxie+gefunden%3F&amp;rft.description=Erste+dunkle+Galaxie+gefunden%3F&amp;rft.identifier=&amp;rft.creator=Claudia+Michalecz&amp;rft.publisher=Raumfahrer+Net+e.V&amp;rft.date=2005-02-05">&nbsp;</span></span>
</li>
</ol>
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r246035994">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output div.BoxenVerschmelzen{border-width:1px;border-style:solid;border-left-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-right-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-top-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);border-bottom-color:var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);clear:both;font-size:95%;margin-top:1.5em;padding-top:2px}.mw-parser-output div.BoxenVerschmelzen div.NavFrame,.mw-parser-output div.BoxenVerschmelzen div.klappleiste{border:none;font-size:100%;margin:0;padding-top:0}


/* end https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
</style><div class="BoxenVerschmelzen">
<style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r260755238">
/* start https://de.wikipedia.org/ */


.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste{border:1px solid var(--dewiki-rahmenfarbe1);clear:both;font-size:95%;box-sizing:border-box;margin-top:1.5em;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste:after{clear:both;content:"";display:block}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste-bild{float:left;padding:2px}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste-kopf{background:var(--dewiki-hintergrundfarbe5);color:var(--color-base,#202122);text-align:center;font-weight:bold}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste.mw-collapsed .klappleiste-bild{display:none}.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+link+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+link+link+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+link+style+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+style+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+style+style+div.klappleiste,.mw-parser-output div.klappleiste+style+link+div.klappleiste{margin-top:-1px}@media screen{html.skin-theme-clientpref-night .mw-parser-output .klappleiste-bild span[typeof="mw:File"]:not(.skin-invert-image) img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}@media screen and (prefers-color-scheme:dark){html.skin-theme-clientpref-os .mw-parser-output .klappleiste-bild span[typeof="mw:File"]:not(.skin-invert-image) img{background-color:#c8ccd1}}


/* end https://de.wikipedia.org/ */
</style>
<div class="klappleiste mw-collapsible navileiste navigation-not-searchable center" role="navigation">
<div class="klappleiste-kopf"><a href="Messier-Katalog" title="Messier-Katalog">Messierobjekte</a></div>
<div class="klappleiste-inhalt mw-collapsible-content">
<table align="center" style="vertical-align:middle; text-align:center; border-collapse:collapse; margin:0em; box-sizing:border-box; width:870px;">
<tbody><tr><td>Vorgänger im Katalog: <b><a href="Messier_98" title="Messier 98">M 98</a></b></td><td>Messier 99</td><td>Nachfolger im Katalog: <b><a href="Messier_100" title="Messier 100">M 100</a></b></td></tr></tbody></table>
<hr>
<p><i>Bildauswahl. Bitte das gewünschte Objekt anklicken</i>
</p>
<div style="width:880px; text-align:center; padding:0; margin:0;">
<div class="noresize thumb tright" style=";">
<div class="thumbinner" style="overflow:hidden;width:854px;">
<div class="thumbimage" style="overflow:hidden; position:relative; ;">
<div style=";left:0px; top:0px; width:850px; position:absolute; background-color:white;"> </div>
<div style="text-align:left; background-color:transparent; line-height:110%;">
<div style="position:absolute; left:648px; top:711px; line-height:110%;"><div style="; #202122; transform:translate(0%, 0% );"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div></div>
</div><div style="visibility:hidden"></div>
</div>
</div></div></div>
</div></div>

<div class="klappleiste mw-collapsible navileiste navigation-not-searchable center" role="navigation">
<div class="klappleiste-kopf">Im <a href="New_General_Catalogue" title="New General Catalogue">New General Catalogue</a> (NGC) benachbarte Objekte</div>
<div class="klappleiste-inhalt mw-collapsible-content">
<p><a href="Liste_der_NGC-Objekte" title="Liste der NGC-Objekte">Gesamtliste</a><br>
</p>
<hr>
<p><a href="NGC_4230" title="NGC 4230">NGC 4230</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4231" title="NGC 4231">NGC 4231</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4232" title="NGC 4232">NGC 4232</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4233" title="NGC 4233">NGC 4233</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4234" title="NGC 4234">NGC 4234</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4235" title="NGC 4235">NGC 4235</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4236" title="NGC 4236">NGC 4236</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4237" title="NGC 4237">NGC 4237</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4238" title="NGC 4238">NGC 4238</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4239" title="NGC 4239">NGC 4239</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4240" title="NGC 4240">NGC 4240</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4241" title="NGC 4241">NGC 4241</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4242" title="NGC 4242">NGC 4242</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4243" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 4243">NGC 4243</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4244" title="NGC 4244">NGC 4244</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4245" title="NGC 4245">NGC 4245</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4246" title="NGC 4246">NGC 4246</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4247" title="NGC 4247">NGC 4247</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4248" title="NGC 4248">NGC 4248</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4249" title="NGC 4249">NGC 4249</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4250" title="NGC 4250">NGC 4250</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4251" title="NGC 4251">NGC 4251</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4252" title="NGC 4252">NGC 4252</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4253" title="NGC 4253">NGC 4253</a>&nbsp;|
<b>NGC 4254</b>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4255" title="NGC 4255">NGC 4255</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4256" title="NGC 4256">NGC 4256</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4257" title="NGC 4257">NGC 4257</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4258" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 4258">NGC 4258</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4259" title="NGC 4259">NGC 4259</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4260" title="NGC 4260">NGC 4260</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4261" title="NGC 4261">NGC 4261</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4262" title="NGC 4262">NGC 4262</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4263" title="NGC 4263">NGC 4263</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4264" title="NGC 4264">NGC 4264</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4265" class="mw-redirect" title="NGC 4265">NGC 4265</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4266" title="NGC 4266">NGC 4266</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4267" title="NGC 4267">NGC 4267</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4268" title="NGC 4268">NGC 4268</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4269" title="NGC 4269">NGC 4269</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4270" title="NGC 4270">NGC 4270</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4271" title="NGC 4271">NGC 4271</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4272" title="NGC 4272">NGC 4272</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4273" title="NGC 4273">NGC 4273</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4274" title="NGC 4274">NGC 4274</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4275" title="NGC 4275">NGC 4275</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4276" title="NGC 4276">NGC 4276</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4277" title="NGC 4277">NGC 4277</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4278" title="NGC 4278">NGC 4278</a>&nbsp;|
<a href="NGC_4279" title="NGC 4279">NGC 4279</a>
</p>
</div></div>
</div></div><!--htdig_noindex--><div><div class="zim-footer">
Dieser Artikel wurde von <a class="external text" title="Zuletzt bearbeitet am 2025-05-25" href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=Messier_99&amp;oldid=256324006">Wikipedia</a> herausgegeben. Der Text ist unter <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.de">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> verfügbar, sofern nicht anders angegeben. Für die Mediendateien können zusätzliche Bedingungen gelten.
</div>
</div><!--/htdig_noindex--></div>
</div>
</main>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<script src="./_webp_/webpHandler.js"></script>

</body></html>